7.6 The Tweed River Entrance Sand Bypassing Project

1. because during 1950's shipping was harder due to the fact of sandbars that were forming across the river mouth.


2. The continual build-up of sand on the southern side of the breakwater eventually caused the river mouth to once again silt up. It became apparent that continually extending the breakwaters was not the solution to providing a safe entrance to the Tweed River. In an effort to create a safe river entrance and solve the problem of the breaches immediately north of the Tweed being deprived of the natural supply of the sand, the accumulating sand at the river mouth was periodically dredged and trucked to the Gold Coast where it was used for beach nourishment.


3. During the 1950s the entrance to the Tweed River, which is at the southern end of the Gold Coast, became a hazard to shipping because of sandbars that were forming across the river mouth.

4. This was an expensive solution and one which would need to occur continually in order to maintain the sand supply to the beaches and the safety of the river entrance for boats. A more efficient long-term solution was required.

5. The Tweed River Entrance Sand Bypassing Project (TRESBP) provides an example of how people can implement coastal management schemes that recreate the natural processes operating along the coast. The project also involved the cooperation of state and local governments in responding to the community's concerns and opinions.

6.  (TRESBP) The Tweed River Entrance Sand Bypassing Project is a very smart thing that Australia has done. This is because the planning, construction and effects of the TRESBP was so well thought out and that so much research was done into the project such as refering to coastal managers, authorities, geographers, etc. And the solution is simple and effective with the idea that it measures which beach needs the sand the most and places the pumped sand there.

7. 


8. The changes occurred at the mouth of the Tweed River since 1962 have been dramatic. The most prominent thing that has changed is the beach becoming larger with larger amounts of sand being placed on the beach. Over time the sand has not been transported away from the beach into the river but instead now is all being retained within the beach being held by the breakwater.


9. The breakwater length in 1962 would of been about 40 meters long. In 1994 it has been extended to about the length of 250 meters.

Homework

Cribber Cribber wave only just start with to break safety at 6 to 8 ft. It is located in the north headland at New quay Cornwall's Fistral beach. It only creates the big waves few times a year and after the break, it needs to hold the power to create 25+ ft waves but as soon as it reaches near its shore, it looses the power.

Year 10 Monday 21/2: The Science of Big Waves

Pre-viewing
1)Where do ocean waves come from? What gets them started?
Waves are formed by the action of the wind blowing across the ocean. First the wind forms ripples, then these form wavelets and finally waves. The distance the wind travels over the ocean to form a wave is called the fetch.
2)What do you think a surfer should know about waves before they try and ride a wave while surfing?
the wind direction


Question of the Video:
1. Observe all the waves that you see and describe how they form and break. Use as many words found in the segment for you descriptions.
Spilling waves-break far from the shore on beaches with gentle slopes. The surf (while foam) gently rolls over the front so these waves are god for body surfing
Plunging waves- Break on beaches where the slope is moderately steep. Board riders like these waves because of the tubes they form.
Surging waves- Occur on very steep beaches. The waves roll up the steep face rather than breaking over it. They cause erosion.
2. Describe how waves are formed, how they originate, and how they are measured?
Waves are formed by the action of the wind blowing across the ocean.
3. What is a maverick wave and what is special about the way it Big, huge wave
4. How is energy stored and transferred during wave?
energy is transferred through refraction.
5. List any kind of advice given by the surfers about how to survive these “big waves.”
when you fall into the big huge wave, all you can think of is of your survival.

7.5 Coastal Management on the Gold Coast

Express the scale of the map as a statement: One centimetre on the map represents kilometres on the ground.

Scale 1:250 000


What is the contour interval of the map?


10meters

Calculate the following:

the width of the mouth of the Tweed River

210m

the length of the breakwater on the southern side of the Tweed River

3750m

the length of the jetty extending into the ocean from the sand pumping station in AR 5483

250m

the distance along the beach from the lookout at Greenmount Hill to the Rainbow Bay surf club

200m

the time it would take you to walk along the beach from the Rainbow Bay surf club to the Coolangatta Beach surf club if you were walking at a speed of 5 kilometres per hour.

it would take 12.5 minuets walking at 5kilo per hour

Which is higher, the lighthouse at Point Danger or the lookout on Kirra Hill?

The lighthouse at Point Danger is higher than the lookout on Kirra Hill

What is the aspect of the slope where the electricity substation is located in AR 5283?

It's slightly uphill slope

What is the approximate height of the small electricity substation in AR 5283?

It's approximately 8 to 10 m ASL

Name the human features located at the following grid references:

532824

island drive

536823

a bridge on island drive

541844

pointer danger lighthouse

513834

the border park raceway and the pacific highway

528819

the caravan park

532828

wharfs and houses on river TCE

Name the natural features located at the following grid references:

524818

boyd's island

537822

terranora inlet

514844

kirra beach

521833

mount murraba

544817

sandy island

544839

north head

Refer to 7.24 and the topographic map. Give the grid reference of the lookout that the photographer was standing at when the photograph was taken.

GR535844

What is the density of buildings in AR 5483?

there are almost no buildings in this area reference as it is a sand dredging site.

Which area has the greatest density of buildings per square kilometre—AR 5281 or 5282? Give a reason for your answer.

area reference 5282 has a greater density of buildings because there are a lot more buildings in the area than AR5281 since almost half of AR5281 is the Terrranora creek.

Estimate the bearing of the following features from the water tank on the top of Mount Murraba:

the groyne at Kirra Point

20 d

the mouth of the Tweed River

80 d

Boyds Island

175 d

Snapper Rocks 
45 d

7.3 Geographical Processes Shaping the Coastal Environment

Waves are refracted and energy is concentrated around headlands and more dispersed along beaches located in bays.

Headland and wave-cut platform

Features of coasts caused by erosion

Longshore drift moves sand along the beach in a zig-zag movement

7.2 Waters on the Move

 Answers - 

Coastal Management Questions 7.1

Name *

1. Describe how the settlement pattern of Australia is related to issues in the coastal environment?


Over development and rapid growth of coastal areas occur dude to the current Australian trend for people to move from large cities to smaller coastal towns and villages where the lifestyle is ore relaxed. 'Sea change' is the name applied to this process. Some towns along the east coast of Australia have imposed residential caps or a population ceiling for their town in an effort to stop over development of the area.


2. Why is the sustainable development of the coastline the aim of coastal management strategies?


Because, pollution from urban developments along the coastline is altering coastal ecosystems. Sewage outfalls add nutrients to the water and pollute the water, without careful management the water can become unsuitable for swimming. In Sydney, urban storm water is a major pollutant of the coastal environment-between Palm beach and Cronulla over 200 storm water outlets discharge water containing high levels of pollutants such as bacteria, heavy metals and organic chemicals into the ocean.


3. What trend has been labelled 'sea change'?


The settlement pattern of Australia.


4. Describe one government response to 'sea change'.


The settlement towards should be stopped or reduce the number of people migrating from foreign country.


5. Select four of the geographical issues facing the coastal environment presented in this unit. For each issue identify the human actions that cause the issue.

 Tourism and recreational pressures - The coast is a popular destination for residents and tourists alike. Tourist developments and resorts are concentrated in particular areas along the coast. During holiday times the population of these areas can double, placing pressure on the infrastructure and environment of the area. Recreational activities like four-wheel driving places pressure on the coastal environment. If not carefully managed, large dune areas and beaches where vehicles are given access can be highly susceptible to erosion.

 Introduced plants - Areas along the east coast have become invaded by introduced plants. The bitou bush was introduced into Australia from South Africa in 1908 to stabilize sand dunes and was used widely after sand mining activities in the 1950s. It can overtake native vegetation and does not offer sand dunes the same protection against wind erosion as those covered by native vegetation.

 Influencing decision-making - Making decisions on the appropriate use and management of coastal areas involves detailed knowledge of the natural processes that shape and form them. In addition a wide range of perspectives or view points about how the coast should best be used or developed groups need to take action to influence decision makers such as councils, government and developers.

Inappropriate development - Much of the appeal of the coast comes from the views and lifestyle offered bye the location. A balance needs to be achieved between development and the natural beauty or visual amenity of the area. Government planning now includes strict rules in an effort to ensure appropriate development.


6. What role do geographers play in developing management solutions to issues in coastal environments? 


Geographers play an essential role in determining the suitability of developments and ensuring the sustainable use of coastline.


7. Find an example that you and/or others feel is an example of inappropriate development. Describe why this is considered inappropriate. Give one way that this type of development can be fixed.

Pollution - Pollution from urban developments can pose a health risk to humans. Without careful treatment of sewage and the management of storm water, beaches can be unsuitable for swimming.Recycle all the recyclable products such as sediment, bacteria, heavy metals and organic chemicals.